English report Essays

English report Essays English report Essay English report Essay Sulfanilamide and generally excellent night to our teacher and to all my kindred companions. Today I need to discuss one issue HTH I picked by the traffic issue at separated raja. In view of my data HTH I got from my companions and my family, I heard HTH along time a go there are a great deal of mishap happened along the street beginning from are hat until shower way Accident between vehicle n vehicle, cruiser n bike, vehicle n direct and practically terrible is between engine n lorry. Some of the time deadly mishap was happened along the street. Key What we can see the street along separated raja.. There are numerous Junction. As we can e numerous vehicles go in out Other than HTH, I practically sure if u go out and hold up at the street side now, around 2 minutes u can see the vehicle, bike or lorry drive with no speed limit/quick. Some of the time I was feeling so terrified when I ride bicycle along the street. Next About traffic light As we can see along the street at separated raja there are around 2 or 3 traffic light yet it was such a significant number of Junctions. As I would see it, by develop the traffic light was not reasonable to control the traffic wellbeing/vehicle speed as per the street HTH have such a large number of Junctions and vehicles HTH utilized the street whenever. So its not consumable at this condition. As a structural building understudy, as I would like to think I like to recommend to develop more guards. I think by developing this guard it will be all the more better and security. Why Normally or legitimately, when street clients see the guard naturally they should slow the vehicle. Contrast with the T. Light if u see the traffic light u will accelerate particularly when it green or yellow. Here and there we can see vehicle or bike hit the red light.. Sleep Eek!! This is one of the factor of mishap may happened. Key What happen when traffic light out of nowhere not work, it will make progressively perilous to the street clients right. To make it straightforward key, let we share something.. Do you at any point heard any mishap happen at the guard No right. Let consistently we heard the mishap happened at the traffic light right Moreover, by developing guard we need a low spending contrast with the traffic light. I trust my thoughts will work out as expected If the legislature can't bear to do what I recommend. I just expectation please build more guards beginning from periwig soles intersection until Atman U Junction. Since we have 2 instructive establishment and a mosque around there. So HTH. All understudies and residents will be all the more securely at the Thank you. ? English report By hallucination

Case study of an organization that has experienced or is experiencing Essay

Contextual investigation of an association that has encountered or is encountering a moral quandary - Essay Example What's more, in spite of the corporation’s endeavors to tidy up its picture in the worldwide commercial center, for the most part by propelling Fair-exchange items different created nations, as of late Nestl㠩’s notoriety was harmed much more by the equivalent ethically indefensible strategies it utilized decades back (Merrett, 2007). Our contextual investigation, be that as it may, will concentrate explicitly on the discussion which Nestlã © Corporation brought upon itself decades prior during the 1970s by using sketchy showcasing rehearses in offering its items to powerless moms in creating countries. These practices award a perfect chance to apply standardizing moral hypotheses in an evaluative setting. The standardizing speculations of enthusiasm here will be those of deontology’s obligation driven methodology and utilitarianism’s center upon bliss fulfillment as the most elevated level of good activity. This methodology will ideally uncover the spo iled center of Nestlã © Corporation’s past treatment of sound creatures; regardless of whether the case the organization has genuinely changed these techniques through time stays for another conversation. The current conversation, by centering upon deontology and utilitarianism explicitly, will inspect the Kantian ideas of finishes, utilitarian thoughts of significant worth, and the obvious absence of good substance backing Nestl㠩’s activities. Nestlã © Corporation goes back to the mid-nineteenth century when American specialists got together with Henri Nestlã ©, a food engineer, to make what might turn into the highlight of the organization. All through the rest of the nineteenth century, the organization would keep on creating pivotal food items. All through the twentieth century, the firm proceeded to innovateâ€growing ever bigger through acquisitions and mergers. As of late, Nestl㠩’s line of items has spun around a wide scope of merchandise, including espresso, water, dessert, newborn child nourishments, seasonings, solidified nourishments, refrigerated food sources, pet food sources, and healthful items (Nestlã © Corporation). The organization’s expressed

Economics

Economics Economics Home›Economics Posts›Economics Economics PostsExplain the purpose of automobile insurance and examine the extent to which automobile insurance does encourage risky behavior.Car owners are faced with a lot of uncertainties that include accidents, fire and theft. In case of such uncertainties they are likely to incur damages or losses that are substantial. Automobile insurance, therefore play a vital role of taking up the damages that could have been burdened by the owner. The insurance give compensation for bodily harm and physical damage to the automotive as a result of a road accident. Any bills arising from the liability are also covered by the insurance.When an individual has an automotive insurance the exhibit a risky behavior usually termed as ex ante moral hazard. This implies that they tend to behave and act in a more risky way since they know that any negative consequences that will arise will be paid for by the insurer. Others are less careful to an extent of leaving their car unlocked or driving more hence increasing theft and accident risks.Distinguish between positive and negative externalities. Use examples to explain how each of these could arise from human behavior in society.An externality is the effects that an individual’s actions have on a third party. Positive externality results when the effect is for better or is good. For example, when a neighbor places security lights on the road leading to his/her residence for security reasons will also benefit the neighbors. On the other hand, a negative externality results when the effect is worse or bad. For example, when an individual decides to leave the physical appearance of his house unattractive in a grade-A slob will depress the market price for its neighborhood.Until recently some athletes were using performance enhancing drugs that were not detected by traditional methods.In like manner, the authorities are treating and filtering the water that flows into people’s homes, but it is possible that the contaminant is hard to detect. Explain how people could be protected from suspected contaminants if they are not known or difficult to detect. The authorities should inform the consumers about the treatment and filtration, that it is nearly 100 percent. The consumer’s confidence of the exact level of treatment will protect their interests.4. Evaluating new vehicle technologies to reduce costs is important for companies like UPS and other companies involved in parcel delivery services. The company that can reduce costs in this industry can emerge, or remain, as the market leader. Waiting too long could be too costly and moving too fast could be a fatal mistake. Explain how the knowledge gained by sampling various technologies could be far more valuable than the minimal investment on the part of UPS or the other companies.Sampling of various vehicle technologies, results in the acquisition of knowledge and information that will greatly aid in decision mak ing. The purchasing team will make informed decisions that will be beneficial for the company in terms of cost and efficiency.Under a fixed exchange rate system, expansionary monetary policy depletes foreign reserves at the Federal Reserve. Comment on this statement with the help of an Aggregate Supply â€"Aggregate Demand framework as a tool of analysis.An expansionary monetary policy occurs due to actions taken by FED that result in an increase in money supply. Assuming a fixed exchange rate by US on the British pound, the above AA-DD diagram is used to explain the effect of a monetary policy under an exchange rate system that is fixed. A shift from AA to A’A’ indicates an increase in money supply. As a result pressure will mount on the exchange rate due to a decline in interest rate for US. As a result the rate of return of British assets will be high compared to US assets. This implies that more pounds will be requested by private investors in exchange of US dollars to take u p the advantageous opportunities of British assets. However, due to a fixed exchange rate, the resulting high demand for pounds will be curbed by interventions undertaken by FED, hence the market regaining its equilibrium.Analyze the implications of currency appreciation and depreciation for Globalization, and explain how the weakening of the U.S. dollar will make U. S. companies more attractive to foreign investorsCurrency appreciation and depreciation will affect the exchange rates. Exchange rates will in turn impact on globalization. Exchange rates will affect all the transactions that are carried out across borders. Trade, tourism, investment and finance will also be influenced by the worldwide monetary policies. As US dollar weakens, its exports become comparatively less expensive. This will make it more attractive to consumers as well as foreign investors. The products of exporters will attract high sales hence, huge benefits. Again, as the dollar weakens foreigners travel to US becomes cheap, but foreign travel on the other hand become expensive. This means that parks and hotel investors will flock to US due to high tourists’ inflow.Suppose that the free market exchange rate for the dollar is 120 yen, but the U.S. and Japanese governments want it to be 130 yen/dollar. Use graphs to illustrate what the governments can do to achieve that goal.The initial exchange rate between the yen and $ is 120 and it can only be increased to 130 if the Japanese government agrees to depreciate its currency (yen) relative to the dollar.Explain why economic policies aimed at stabilization can actually increase, rather than decrease, the magnitudes of economic fluctuations.The monetary and fiscal policies that are aimed at stabilization will exacerbate the magnitude of economic fluctuations because the policies negatively affect the economy through unpredictable and long lags between policy formulation and implementation. Again, the policy has little effect on AD (Aggreg ate Demand). The proposal, passage and implementation of the policies may take long.

Examples of Visual Rhetoric The Persuasive Use of Images

Visual rhetoric is a branch of rhetorical studies concerned with the persuasive use of images, whether on their own or in the company of words. Visual rhetoric is grounded in an expanded notion of rhetoric that involves not only the study of literature and speech, but of culture, art, and even science (Kenney and Scott in Persuasive Imagery, 2003). Examples and Observations [W]ords and how theyre gathered on a page have a visual aspect of their own, but they may also interact with nondiscursive images such as drawings, paintings, photographs, or moving pictures. Most advertisements, for instance, use some combination of text and visuals to promote a product for service. . . . While visual rhetoric is not entirely new, the subject of visual rhetoric is becoming increasingly important, especially since we are constantly inundated with images and also since images can serve as rhetorical proofs. (Sharon Crowley and Debra Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004 Not every visual object is visual rhetoric. What turns a visual object into a communicative artifact--a symbol that communicates and can be studied as rhetoric--is the presence of three characteristics. . . . The image must be symbolic, involve human intervention, and be presented to an audience for the purpose of communicating with that audience. (Kenneth Louis Smith, Handbook of Visual Communication. Routledge, 2005) A Public Kiss [S]tudents of  visual rhetoric may wish to consider how doing certain deeds expresses or conveys varied meanings from the perspectives of diverse participants or onlookers. For example, something as apparently simple as a public kiss can be a greeting between friends, an expression of affection or love, a featured symbolic act during a marriage ceremony, a taken-for-granted display of privileged status, or an act of public resistance and protest defying discrimination and social injustice. Our interpretation of the meaning of the kiss will depend on who performs the kiss; its ritual, institutional, or cultural circumstances; and the participants and onlookers perspectives. (Lester C. Olson, Cara A. Finnegan, and Diane S. Hope, Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture. Sage, 2008) The Grocery Store [T]he grocery store--banal as it may be--is a crucial place for understanding everyday, visual rhetoric in a postmodern world. (Greg Dickinson, Placing Visual Rhetoric. Defining Visual Rhetorics, ed. by Charles A. Hill and Marguerite H. Helmers. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004) Visual Rhetoric in Politics It is easy to dismiss images in politics and public discourse as mere spectacle, opportunities for entertainment rather than engagement, because visual images transfix us so readily. The question of whether a presidential candidate wears an American flag pin (sending a visual message of patriotic devotion) can triumph over real discussion of issues in todays public sphere. Similarly, politicians are at least as likely to employ managed photo opportunities to create an impression as they are to speak from the bully pulpit with facts, figures, and rational arguments. In heightening the value of the verbal over the visual, sometimes we forget that not all verbal messages are rational, as politicians and advocates also speak strategically with code terms, buzz words, and glittering generalities. (Janis L. Edwards, Visual Rhetoric. 21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook, ed. by William F. Eadie. Sage, 2009) In 2007, conservative critics assailed then candidate Barack Obama for his decision not to wear an American  flag pin. They sought to frame his choice as evidence of his presumed disloyalty and lack of patriotism. Even after Obama explained his position, the criticism persisted from those who lectured him on the importance of the flag as a symbol. (Yohuru Williams, When Microaggressions Become Macro Confessions.  Huffington Post, June 29, 2015) Visual Rhetoric in Advertising [A]dvertising constitutes a dominant genre of visual rhetoric . . .. Like verbal rhetoric, visual rhetoric depends on strategies of identification; advertisings rhetoric is dominated by appeals to gender as the primary marker of consumer identity. (Diane Hope, Gendered Environments, in Defining Visual Rhetorics, ed. by C. A. Hill and M. H. Helmers, 2004)

Call Centre Structures and Strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1380 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction Call centre, also known as Customer Interaction Centre is a place which is mainly engaged in receiving and transmitting a large number of information, supports and inquiries from customers via telephone. Call centre is developing by dramatic and rapid speed, is gradually becoming an important and indispensable component stage in modern enterprises or companies. It has been widely used in municipal, public security, traffic control, postal services, telecommunications, banking, insurance, securities, electricity, IT and TV shopping industry, as well as all products and merchandises which need to use telephone marketing, service and support and also dramatically upgraded the quality of service trades and operational efficiency. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Call Centre: Structures and Strategy" essay for you Create order (Workman Bommer, 2004:318) This article is going to describe how the management operates in call centre, analysis of the problems that agents are facing and propose some solutions for employers and employees to overcome in terms of managerial dilemma , or improve employees job satisfaction as well. Problems in Call Centre Highly structured and monitored work environment is the main reason leading to strong pressure for workers in contemporary call centre. More specifically, strict schedule of work, task target, rest, lunch time, or even the using toilet are planned and limited. Time off the phone is monitored. John Rolland explained, the Executive Director in Telstra Customer Sales Service. The employee will be facing some troubles when they went to bathroom more than twice. It indicates that 30 per cent of total remuneration is at risk if targets are not met, and that as a result of participating in the incentive plan, base salary and superannuation will be reduced. (Q. McDermott 2007, pers. comm. 18 June). The remaining time is in the non-stop working and repeating the same work that answer the phone during the whole day period, it can be imagined to the actual situation. As a staff who worked in a call centre said, This is a difficult place to work. You have to be able to solve problems qu ickly and be nice to customers even when they are rude.(Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:36) The work day is just like a machine doing the same tasks everyday. Furthermore, they have to adapt the diversity condition for answering customers questions, which would be recorded for the checking their performances. John Rolland described that As happens in many call centres, managers check how much time consultants spend on the phone with any one customer; measure the time they spend off the phone; and monitor the language used by consultants when they try to make a sale.(Tough Calls: 2007) Managerial Dilemma Modern organizations are facing the greatest challenge is how to maintain a good employer-employee relationships, employee psychological contract affect the labor relations is the most important factor, whether agencies or private enterprises, to improve the dispatch of personnel to meet the degree of psychological contract, trust the staff and willing to join organizations, to enhance job performance and corporate competitiveness. In addition, The management styles in workplace, include coaching and encouragement to the staff while lacking motivation would influence employees impression of working satisfaction. With the administration and supervision authorities of call center to a great extent, especially their directness in charge of the attitude towards employees, if administration and supervision authorities hold prejudice, not good at communicating with the staff, the chance of personnels loss is certain to strengthen. Many centres are suffering the high level labor fo rce change, the employer attribute this phenomenon to a great extent the intrinsic pressure works and reduces the planar structure of promotion opportunity. The year turnover rate surpasses 30% is far away formal rate. (Taylor Bain, 1999:110) manpower in Call center is the most crucial factor,so the loss of personnel is the issue of prevalence in call centre. Part of the service industry or call center services, is staff-intensive, capital-intensive industries. The manufacturing sector is also staff-intensive industries, but is different from the factory assembly line workers, call center personnel, the former face of the object of a product or machine, that is, objects, and call center employees are the face of human. Fiona M.Wilson claimed that if employees are considered as their biggest asset or their only source of competitive advantage by chief executives it suggests that they value their human resource. (Wilson 2004:145) Solutions There are many reasons for the loss of personnel, and can be divided into two main types: the external environment, for example, highly monitored, strict structure, tough target reaching, emotional control and isolated communication, and internal causes such as personal character . However, in my view, external environment occupied the most proportion of this issue which may be solved or improved through following strategy implementations. First of all, companies must understand their own organizations, in order to select suitable candidates to fill the particular call centre job. In my view, in the drafting of the selection conditions, not just focus on the understanding of the work to establish a mechanism for personnel hiring, it should take into account the job should be emphasized more on individual ability such as adaptability, anti-pressure ability and communication skills not how excellence of the candidates. In other words, suitable is more importance than professio nal knowledge in this kind of workplace. If emphasis too much on the attitude of amiable, the result could be devastating. Harm is that you on the phone on the attitude of the staff extremely polite and humble, but they gave information is not always satisfactory. Whether staffs can withstand the big working pressure, also tallies in the professional interest aspect with the telephone traffic profession and so on, these need to be considered carefully in the recruiters process. Second, setting up the Company Promotion System and incentive plan are reasonable means for personnel management. Providing more promotion opportunities will have a direct impact on employee loyalty, stimulates their work enthusiasm, and realizes progresses continually. Finally, alleviating working pressure on employees through many kinds of channels are necessary. First of all, The consummate the control system, give the staff promptly corresponding training, the instruction of call centre career and the feedback; support personnel skill training, helps and promotes the personnel to the role cognition, to master the essential work skill, for example, time management, effective communication. At the same time, it could enhance all staff the anti-stress ability through training. Third, provides the suitable place to ease pressure for the staff, like recreation area, tea room and so on could boost the sense of belonging, job satisfaction as well. On the other hand, employees themselves should control their emotion, improving communication skills to deal with different situations by several following means. First, while treating the work, they should be meticulous, conscientious and responsible attitude. The nature of the work they have determined that they can not be sloppy, can not be ambiguous. Irresponsible for the work of is irresponsible to their own and the best way to protect them is hard work, including ensuring discipline and attendance. Second, treatment of the client, the se rvice protocol a warm, orderly and good service for dealing with the issue of etiquette accumulation is willing to let customers to trust you then to help them solve the problem. Finally, treatment of the managers, you can object to your boss, but can only be made in private to reflect your dissatisfaction and demands, rather than in public places. Conclusion: This article has collected several aspects in Call Center. Working in there demands many personal skills rather than high education experience. And also, scientific management in the call centre seems to have disappeared. In fact, it does exist. The new call center and operation mode of the company itself is a typical representative of scientific management. The use of telecommunications sales, access to information that is speedy, efficient, and reliable. The problems and reasons what existing in call centers have been summarized and analyzed. As a whole, pressure from working is the key issue that employees are facing and tough to be solved. At last, some reasonable and practical suggestions are proposed Generally speaking, the call centre business model brought the profit and the advantages surpassed its negative impacts and shortcoming. Although staff may face various problems while they are working, the problems still can be improved by reasonable scientific management imp lement.

Term Poverty Reduction Programs Free Essays

The proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly and unevenly in the past four decades, and poverty reduction has en much slower than in neighboring countries such as the People’s Republic of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Name. Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors constraining poverty reduction efforts. We will write a custom essay sample on Term: Poverty Reduction Programs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge. In the past four decades, the proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly and unevenly ND poverty reduction has been much slower than in neighboring countries such as the People’s Republic of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Name. Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors constraining poverty reduction efforts. II. Definition of Terms Poverty- is scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Unemployment- occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work. GAP- Gross domestic product (GAP) is the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a year, or other given period of time. GAP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country’s standard of living Corruption- in philosophical, theological,or moral discussions, corruption is spiritual or moral imp rutty or deviation from an ideal. Corruption may include many activities including bribery and embezzlement. Government, or ‘political’, corruption occurs hen an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain Tax- is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. Taxes are also imposed by many administrative divisions. Taxes consist of direct or indirect taxes and may be paid in money or as its labor equivalent. Population growth- is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using â€Å"per unit time† for measurement Ill. Outline Poverty in the Philippines: Causes, Constraints, and Opportunities comprehensively analyze the causes of poverty and recommends ways to accelerate poverty reduction and achieve more inclusive growth. The report provides an overview of current government responses, strategies, and achievements in the fight against poverty and identifies and prioritize future needs and interventions. The analysis is based on current literature and the latest available data, including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey. The main causes of poverty in the country include the following: low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years; owe growth elasticity of poverty reduction; weakness in employment generation and the quality of Jobs generated; failure to fully develop the agriculture sector; high inflation during crisis periods; high levels of population growth; high and persistent levels of inequality (incomes and assets), which dampen the positive impacts of economic expansion; and Recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economic crisis, conflicts, natural disasters, and â€Å"environmental poverty. Key factors that worsen poverty in our country Economic growth did not translate into poverty reduction in recent years; Poverty levels vary greatly by regions; Poverty remains a mainly rural phenomenon though urban poverty is on the rise; Poverty levels are strongly linked to educational attainment; The poor have large families, with six or more members; Many Filipino households remain vulnerable to shocks and risks; Governance and institutional constraints remain in the poverty response; There is weak local government capacity for implementing poverty reduction programs; Deficient targeting in various poverty programs; There are serious resource gaps for poverty reduction and the attainment of the Megs by 201 5; Multidimensional responses to poverty reduction are needed; and Further research on chronic poverty is needed. Other cause The incomplete land reform aiming at overthrowing the traditionally unequal agrarian society coupled with lack of support for farmers has been a long-lasting flaw in the governments’ development policies that can still massively reduce poverty in the Philippines. Thus, the role of the state remains central to redistribute more equally the wealth created in the country, in order to avoid leaving the poor behind. Supporting the extremely poor must be seen as a long-term investment and counterbalanced with future gains. However, mistrust in the government combined tit corruption and/or incompetence makes the overall task much harder, even though it has led to the rise of militant movements that speak in favor of farmers to build fairer trade systems. In a strange way, another problem for the Philippines is that, in spite of having embraced liberalizing and international organizations’ rules, they have now ended up less integrated in the world economy than other Asian countries. For instance, import tariff on rice makes it one of the rare exceptions in WTFO, although understandable when you see how important rice is to the livelihood f millions of Filipinos. However, recent research on food price increase has shown that tariffs do not help protect farmers and instead increases poverty in both rural and urban areas. That’s because, even if imported rice can compete with domestic rice, the competition results in an overall reduction in consumer prices that is good for everyone. Moreover, with the right support, it helps identify which farmers need help and training so that they can either better manage their rice production or diversify their crops. Effects of poverty in the Philippines Rapid Population Growth Given that the population of the Philippines is increasing at a rapid rate of 2. 36% per year, it can be translated as an increase of more than 5,000 people daily in a country, which already has an increase of more than four million poor people since 1985. An 1985, the absolute number of people living in poverty was 26. 5 million. This increased to 30. 4 million in 2000 and from 2006 to 2009, increased by almost 970,000 Filipinos from 22. 2 million to 23. 1 million. As the Philippines have financially limited resources and a high poverty rate, the rapid increase in population has become a robber because there is an already insufficient resource to support the population, which leaves much fewer resources to improve the economy. From 2003 to 2006, even though the Philippines experienced above-average economic growth, the poverty incidence actually increased as a result of its population growth rate. Unemployment Poverty reduction has not kept up with GAP growth rates, largely due to the high unemployment rate, high inflation rate and wide income inequality. From 2000 to 2009, the economy of Philippines grew by 3. 2% on average annually, which was on par with the economic performance of its neighbors. However, this recent growth did not translate into more Jobs. Unemployment in the Philippines has been high in comparison to its neighbors, at around 7. 5% to 8. 0% since 2006. As the world’s second largest archipelago, the Philippines have faced difficulty in Job creation due to its inability to attract more foreign, direct investments. Died Gunrunning, whom is the Central Bank Deputy Governor, mentioned that while capital flows are turning to the emerging markets, foreign, direct investments to the Philippines remain relatively low due to the weak investment climate. The Philippines have hefty business procedures, or tax and customs administration, weak protection against expropriation and high-energy cost. Therefore, the poverty rate remains constant over the years. There is a lot of poverty in the Philippines. Some people, called â€Å"squatters,† live near trash mounds and scavenge through the rubble to find materials that they can re-sell. Many are living in extreme poverty and unsanitary conditions. One of the effects this impoverished lifestyle has on them is an extremely short life expectancy. But there are some rays of hope. For one, slow but steady economic improvements are providing Jobs in places like call centers. Secondly, charitable organizations like the Philippine Aid Society are growing and working hard to fight poverty. For those who want to do their part to help, consider a financial donation to one of these charities. Some solution for Poverty in Philippines Major Government Reform Removing of corrupt government officials Create more Employment Opportunities Call for help from the foreign countries for assistance in ending poverty ‘V. CONCLUSION Protecting the â€Å"pre-poor† Aside from the fact that over 1/3 of the population lives in poverty in the Philippines, experts have also observed that a good 50% of households are in a precarious tuition vulnerable enough to fall into poverty if a minor financial setback happens. Hence, the government must not Just take care of the poor, but also make sure that millions more don’t fall into poverty. Prevention is a must, if they want to prevent the problem from getting much bigger. Precariousness is usually worse in rural areas, even though many urban Filipinos are often at risk of falling into poverty as well. This shows that if urban poverty in the Philippines is much lower than rural one, there is a constant risk that it gets much bigger since many households are too vulnerable to economic shocks. Also, a characteristic of these precarious families is that they tend to have more kids than the non-precarious ones. Therefore, guaranteeing access to education and contraception are things that the government must focus on for its poverty prevention plan End import tariff, reduce poverty in the Philippines The other main problem slowing down efforts to tackle poverty are tariff (I. E. Taxes) on imports. Although they were created to protect local production, they ended up having the opposite effect. Tariff has made it more expensive for local producers (both in agriculture and industry) to import much-needed input for production. Therefore local production has stalled and resulted in more expensive prices for everyone. And in the end, many Filipinos were eventually buying foreign goods anyway as they’re (sometimes) cheaper and more diverse. In the sass, the government has started reducing tariff which decreased the price of energy (e. G. Oil and coal) and eventually reduced poverty as other prices fell as well. The government made up for the loss in revenue by implementing a carbon tax that also helped protecting the environment. Indeed, for a while cheaper oil also meant more pollution as the population used more machines. In the end, revenue from the carbon tax proved even higher than that from tariff. As a result, the excess of money led to lower taxes on the population and thus less poverty in the Philippines too. V. RECOMMENDATION Corruption is Just one of the factors in these problem but we must work together in order to end it. There are many ways to help the poor and end the poverty in our country. But it is not Just the problem of the government it is also the problem of all Filipino people. We as a the citizen of this country must work our way to establish ourselves by educating our minds in developing our personal lives and by this we an as a country rise to the challenge of ending poverty. How to cite Term: Poverty Reduction Programs, Papers

LEED-ing to a Greener Planet Essays - Energy In The United States

LEED-ing to a Greener Planet In our society a new state of thinking has occurred. We have become obsessed with having more, regardless of the consequences. We have become pleasure-seeking, only thinking of the present and having no care for the future. This new instinctual mindset encompasses our culture from the highest level to the lowest. It threatens the current generation, the future generation, and all the achievements of past generations. This threat is a lack of sustainability in any part of our culture, be it economic, social, or environmental. One sinister problem (producing the majority of the United States waste) was our out-of-date building codes. More specifically- rules and regulations that today?s planners have in place for our buildings life cycle are not meeting today?s more eco-friendly criteria. In response, a bundle of separate agencies in the Construction industry designed environmentally oriented construction rating systems. The agencies objective- to positively push today?s planners, desi gners and owners to lessening the impact of projects as a whole, making a brighter outlook for future generations to come. But with this new wave of ideals, and responsibility to lessen our carbon footprint on our planet sustainability should also be affordable. Enhancing and restoring environmental values, creating net social benefits and a positive return for owners of the project are also important. Developed by the US Green Building Council (USGBC), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design better known as ?L.E.E.D? is actually more of a rating system that awards points to the builder for taking various environmentally friendly approaches in their construction process. Builders are awarded points for meeting or exceeding benchmarks set by the USGBC in the following eight categories: innovation and design; location and linkages to the larger community; sustainable sites; water conservation; energy efficiency; material and resources; indoor air quality; and consumer education. Another way the USGBC can ensure economic as well as environmental sustainability in the building industry is by lobbying. Governmental regulations may impact the future of building practices, and so the USGBC encourages developers to prepare for eventual shifts in the political, legal, and social climates that affect the industry. Sharing the same vision as the founders of the USGBC, there have been other construction standard companies who have planned to revamp their building codes. The Sustainability Rating System (ISI), like the USGBC, uses set objective-based goals that will guide the engineer, owner, constructor, regulator and policymaker to provide more effective levels of reliability, along with building resilience, efficiency, and overall project performance. ISI?s rating system (like L.E.E.D) acknowledges the challenges faced by the many stakeholders charged with delivering and supporting necessary infrastructure projects in an increasingly resource-constrained world. ISI?s solution to this problem was by creating environmentally friendly criteria from the planning process to the demolition of their structures. The criteria includes a series of considerations related to the conceptual and planning bases along with project management and business strategies to promote sustainable infrastructure soluti ons. A second set of criteria is set in place to promote resources, materials, and water and energy conservation. In total, the rating system promotes consideration of a broad set of project features that encourage high levels of interaction with communities and stakeholders, balancing investments to provide resilience and broad acceptance of benefits and consequences of the proposed project and increasing the wise use of limited resources. Like LEED and ISI, the United Kingdom followed suit during the green building movement. In 1992 the Building Research Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) was developed. In 2000, the system took a leap forward in its evolution, becoming an online assessment and rating tool under the name Green Globes for Existing Buildings. Being used by large developers and property management companies, The Green Building Initiative describes the Green Globe building assessment system as a ?revolutionary green management tool that includes an assessment protocol, a rating system, and a guide for integrating environmentally friendly design into commercial buildings.? Very similar to the USGBC, for a project to be certified, the project team must fill out a questionnaire. If the project then can pass the board with a minimum exam grade of 40% they would be granted the right for certification. Only after the exam, a third-party verifier visits both the

The Two Towers essays

The Two Towers essays The book I read was The Two Towers, Part II of The Lord of the Rings, by J.R.R. Tolkein. The Lord of the Rings mean Sauron, the evil lord who created the one ring and is determined to regain his ring at any cost. One of the main characters in the book is Frodo. Frodo and me are different because he is a hobbit and I am a human. Also he lives in Middle Earth and I live in present time. He is a part of a rich hobbit family and I come from a middle class Italian family. My life is non fiction and his life is fiction. Frodo and I are alike in many ways. We both like to eat many different foods. We both like lots of comfort in our lives. Both of us are very adventurous and like to go many places. Frodo and I are very loyal to our friends and family. We both are gentle to other people and things unless provoked. The Two Towers is set in medieval times and the Middle Earth. The land is full of many mysterious creatures like Hobbits, Elves, Dwarves Orcs, Goblins and Wargs. I think that the story could not take place in another time or place, because technology would be too advanced and there would not be enough forest for the story to take place. I liked this story because it was a fantasy. The things I liked most in the story were the battles. I also liked the devotion of Sam to his master Frodo and the courage of Frodo. I also liked the wizardry of Gandalf. One thing I disliked about the story was that the names were too similar and hard to pronounce. In addition, they were hard to remember because characters had more than one name like Gandalf who was also called the White Wizard, Gandalf the Grey, and Mithrandir. If I wrote a sequel to this book it would pick up from where Frodo was carried away and Sam got the ring. During the sequel Sam would save Frodo from the Orcs and find the other elves and warriors. Sam would then with the help of the elves and warriors take over the Orcs and destroy the ring that S ...

Graduate Admissions Essay Dos and Donts

Graduate Admissions Essay Dos and Don'ts Nearly all applicants to graduate school are required to submit one or several admissions essays, sometimes referred to as personal statements. This component of the graduate admissions application permits the admissions committee to see beyond the statistics to see you as a person apart from your GPA and GRE scores. This is your chance to stand out so make sure that your admissions essay truly reflects you. An essay that is truthful, appealing, and motivating can increase your chances of acceptance but a poor admissions essay can eliminate opportunities. How do you write the most appealing and effective admissions essay possible? Admissions Essay Dos Prepare an outline and create a draft.Answer all the questions asked.Make sure your essay has a theme or a thesis.Provide evidence to support your claims.Make your introduction unique.Write clearly and make sure it is easy to read.Be honest, confident, and be yourself.Be interesting and positive.Make sure your essay is organized, coherent, and concise.Write about yourself and use examples from your own life experiences.Use a mixture of long and short sentences.Discuss your future goals.Mention any hobbies, past jobs, community service, or research experience.Speak in the first person (I†¦).Mention weaknesses without making excuses.Discuss why youre interested in the school and/or program.Show, don’t tell (Use examples to demonstrate your abilities).Ask for help.Proofread and revise your statement at least 3 times.Have others proofread your essay. Admissions Essay Donts: Have any grammar or spelling errors. (Proofread!)Be wordy or use jargon (don’t try to impress the readers by using big words).Swear or use slang.Digress or be repetitive.Be boring (ask someone to read your essay).Generalize.Include cliches or gimmicks.Be comical (a little humor is okay but remember it can be misconstrued).Be defensive or arrogant.Complain.Preach.Focus on other individuals.Discuss politics or religion.Make lists of accomplishments, awards, skills, or personal qualities (Show, don’t tell).Write a term paper or an autobiography.Summarize your resume.Include information already cited on the application.Forget to proofread.

U05a1- Problems Definition and Research Intrest Statement on Paper

U05a1- Problems Definition and Intrest Statement on Depression - Research Paper Example Proponents of the biological perspective have identified that depression is caused due to the chemical imbalances in a human body. Deficiencies in two neurotransmitters, substance that allow brain cells to communicate, serotonin and norepinephrine are the major chemical imbalances that lead to depression. For example, deficiency in serotonin can result in sleep deprivation, anxiety and uneasiness. Similarly inadequate supply of norepinephrine leads to laziness, fatigue and depressing moods. (Lysaker et al 2007) Due to depression there are other bodily chemicals that are also altered. For instance a chemical known as cortisol, a hormone that a body produces in anger and stress, is at its peak in the morning and gradually decreases as the day progresses but in people, suffering from depression, the cortisol level does not comes down in the later hours of the day. This high level of cortisal is not healthy because research has shown that people suffering from long term stress have high level of this chemical in their bodies. (Lysaker et al 2007) This school of thought considers negative thoughts as the major cause of depression. According to Beck, great advocate of cognitive perspective, depression is a result of one’s poor self concept and how a person evaluates himself rather than a person considers negative views about oneself due to depression. A study conducted by Abela and DAlessandros (2002) on college admissions showed that students having negative views about their future have strong relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and depressing moods. This was proved later when students, having dysfunctional attitudes, did not get admissions in their desired colleges showed symptoms of depression after their self concept became negative due to failing the test. (Beck, 2008) In addition to negative view about oneself, negative views about the world and future may also lead to depression. For example, a

Cultural development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cultural development - Essay Example It is evident from the study that Cultural Development theories strive to describe the quality changes in the framework and structure of society, which help its members realize their aims and objectives. Cultural development does not only entail the integration of new programs and policies in the society, but it also includes the process of social change. Physical Stage is mainly marked with the domination of physical aspects of the human personality. At this stage, people are required to adhere and follow tradition strictly, and only little change and innovation are required. Society in this stage is mainly meant for survival and subsistence. Land is the most outstanding resource, and wealth is weighed on the size of land holdings. During this stage, money and commerce play minor roles, and experimental and innovative approaches are discouraged. Church and religious beliefs are responsible for introducing new technological knowledge into the society. Professional skills are passed d own from the parents to the children. Vital Stage is marked with change and dynamism. Society becomes adventurous and innovative thereby expanding its activities. The society transforms from stressing on interactions with the physical environment to emphasizing on the social interactions between people. Agriculture, which is the main economic activity at this stage is fueled by trade. New programs and policies that encourage commerce and trade are introduced into the society. Experimental and innovative approaches are encouraged, and demand for knowledge and skills rise. This is the stage where people begin to strive to acquire leisure and luxury, which were not attainable when the society was at subsistence level (Johnson & Lewis 48). Mental Stage This stage is characterized by the social, political and practical application of mind. At this stage, the society emphasizes on education, technology and inventions. New social organizations, political systems, human rights and democrati c movements are created (Johnson & Lewis 67). People are also allowed to interact with God directly without the mediation of church leaders. Mental stage is fueled by technological advancements such as telecommunication, air travel, modern roads and networking (Johnson & Lewis 68). Technical Development Technical change is a process that is characterized by three main stages that include invention, innovation and diffusion of processes (Johnson & Lewis 54). Invention Invention refers to the breakthrough in technology or the creation of new things (Johnson & Lewis 26). It involves the creation of new idea that had not been created or discovered by anyone else. Everett Rogers indentified five elements of an innovation, which impact the extent of its effectiveness. They include compatibility, trialability, complexity, observability, and relative advantage (Johnson & Lewis 111). Innovation Innovation entails the development of an inventive idea to create refined and leaned products and services (Johnson & Lewis 124). This is the stage that proves or fails the worthiness of an inventive idea. It is less risky than invention because it deals with known quantities, qualities and parameters (Johnson & Lewis 127). For example, the availability of personal computers has aided the creation of Software that human has also used to

Analysis of Information Technology Role for Global Retailer

Analysis of Information Technology Role for Global Retailer PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of report: This report has been requested by Mr Frank Hedge, the CEO of Myer Department Stores- Australia. The reports purpose is to investigate and analyse the strategic role of information technology (IT) to Myers business, including an IT infrastructure audit. Cloud computing is evaluated, and recommendations made for its partial adoption. 1.2 Limitations: This report is limited by the lack of IT infrastructure details provided by Myer. Assumptions were made when required, to enable completion of the report. 1.3 Scope of the report: This report focuses on Myer and the potential use of cloud computing within its IT infrastructure. Divided into four main sections, the report covers Myer; IT infrastructure challenges; cloud computing costs/ benefits and recommendations for cloud computing adoption. It has been compiled from research literature and phone/email interviews with two Myer store managers. 1.4) Myer and its industry Homepage URL; http://www.myer.com.au/ Myer is Australias largest department store group with 65 stores and approximately 14,000 employees. It is present in 25 of Australias top 30 retail centres and attracted 185 million customers in 2009 (Myer 2010). Myer generated net profits of $106.8 million for the first half of the 2011 financial year (AAP 2011). Myer operates across major segments of the Australian non-food retail industry as a department store chain. This industry consists of four segments; household goods, clothing soft goods, department stores and other (eg newspapers, books) (Myer 2010). Myer competes with other department stores, discount department stores, and single store operators as well as internet retailers and direct retailers. Within the department store segment, David Jones is Myers main competition though the former targets a slightly higher income group (Myer 2010). Competition exists with other retailers on price, store location, product range and customer service. Additionally, consumer demand hinges on factors such as disposable income which are sensitive to macroeconomic conditions eg interest rate rises (Myer 2010). The industry has struggled recently, due to weak consumer confidence and increased competition from cheaper overseas internet retailers (GST free and strong Australian Dollar) (Brooks 2010). 1.5) Myers products services: Myer offers approximately 600 000 product lines from 800 suppliers globally including categories such as; clothing; beauty and cosmetics; electrical and homewares (Myer 2010). Myer provides additional products and services such as; Myer One customer loyalty program, over 3 million members. Gift cards Myer corporate sales- eg corporate gifts, office fit outs, VIP nights Insurance (home, contents, travel, car) Bridal gift registry Myer Visa Card (Myer 2010). 1.6) Myers corporate mission corporate structure: ‘At Myer we strive to offer customers a wide and relevant choice of brands, rewards and ideas in a way that makes them feel both welcome and inspired, (Myer 2010, p.3). Myers corporate structure is shown in Figure 1.1. Head office operates under a hybrid of divisional (eg apparel, electrical division) and functional groups (Finance, marketing etc). A national retail store manager oversees regional store managers, who oversee individual store managers. Head office functional groups, directly manage their particular function (eg HR) in the individual stores (Myer 2010; S Johnson 2011, pers. comm., 20 April). (Adapted from: Myer 2010, pp. 25-7). 1.7) Myers major business processes: Laudon and Laudon (2010), note business processes are sets of activities to produce a product or service. Due to its variety of offer, Myer has many business processes such as; Sourcing product to offer in store. Automating administrative processes. Reducing stock theft. Creating visual merchandise displays. Analysing potential sites for new stores. Refurbishing existing stores. Making sales (Myer 2010). 1.8) Myers business strategy Myer has invested substantially in its business since 2006 ($500 million) realizing a world class supply chain, improved retail execution and focused customer service (competitive advantages) (Myer 2010). Myer aims for additional margin and sales growth using specific strategies of; Opening 15 new stores in next five years. Revitalizing instore environments for a better customer experience. Expanding the Myer One program. Implementing a new point of sale system (POS) improving productivity customer service. Implementing a CCTV system to reduce losses (Myer 2010). 1.9) Myers relationships with external entities: Myer has significant relationships with a variety of entities which include; Its 800 global suppliers (Myer 2010). Global sourcing offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai (Algar 2011). Partnership with Melbourne Institute of Technology for paid internship for students (RMIT 2011). Myers involved with philanthropic and community programs including children and womens charities and Melbourne Christmas Carols (Myer 2010). PART 2: IT INFRASTRUCTURE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES(727 words) 2.1) Description of Myers IT infrastructure: Laudon and Laudon (2010 p. 191) describe IT infrastructure as, ‘the shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firms specific information system applications. It includes investment in hardware, software, and services†¦that are shared across the entire firm†¦. Myers IT infrastructure was analysed according to Laudon and Laudons (2010 p. 203) model which comprises of seven components. The required information was obtained from Myers Head Office IT department and interviews with two store managers (Appendix 1). A summary of each component is presented in Table 2.1. The IT infrastructure differs between head office and individual stores, due to centralization (Slotty 2009). TABLE 2.1 Summary of Myers IT infrastructure ecosystem. (Adapted: Myer IT department; Interview with two Myer Store managers 2011). The key findings from the analysis of Myers IT infrastructure presented above, are as follows; Computer hardware platforms: Client machines (desktops) are not standardized across Myer. A small number of servers exist at multiple locations (65 stores) doing replicated tasks (localized data storage, networking etc). Operating system platforms: Client and server machine software is licensed per computer with Windows variability on client machines. Large information asymmetry exists between managers and sales staff due to their limited access to software (Laudon Laudon 2010). Enterprise software applications: While an intranet portal exists to link to Myers applications, only newer applications (eg Mymerch- merchandising, POS) are fully integrated. Many legacy systems remain isolated and not integrated. Networking/Telecommunications: Myer operates both analog (phone system) and digital (data) networks using two providers (Telstra and IBM). While Myer accesses the internet, it also operates private networks (intranet) in the form of LANs and WANs. Networking is not possible between individual stores. Consultants System Integrators: Integration and implementation of new IT infrastructure is outsourced to IBM, including training. Data management storage: While the majority of Myers data is stored with a third party vendor, localized data storage occurs at individual stores (65). Internet platforms: Physical infrastructure and maintenance of Myers website is outsourced to third parties. Information asymmetry exists, with very limited access to internet for individual stores. Myers network infrastructure is further illustrated in Figure 2.1, which outlines information flows. Note information does not flow between stores, only between stores and head office. (Adapted: Myer IT department; Interview with two Myer Store managers 2011). 2.2) The issues and challenges of managing Myers IT infrastructure: Myer faces several challenges and issues in managing its IT infrastructure. Laudon and Laudon (2010) identify challenges arising from platform and technology change, management and governance and investing in infrastructure prudently. These challenges are also influenced by the strategic role of IT to the business and the impact of the industry in which the organization operates. By revisiting section 1.8 it can be seen that IT plays an important strategic role in achieving Myers medium term goals of increased operating margins and sales growth by; Facilitating increased supplier and sales volumes from new store initiatives (eg hardware and software required). Optimizing productivity, cost savings and customer satisfaction via implementation of new applications (POS system and CCTV loss prevention system). Catering for an expanded Myer One loyalty program (increased data storage and analysis needs for targeted marketing) (Myer 2010). As a result of ITs important strategic role, the challenges of managing Myers IT infrastructure are intensified. This is best demonstrated by specific examples; The challenge of platform and infrastructure change: To best accommodate expected future growth, improved productivity, cost efficiencies and increased data needs, infrastructure components need to be easily scalable (Armbrust et al 2010). This will be particularly true with regards to Myers hardware software platforms, its enterprise software applications and its networking, internet and data storage platforms. Currently, significant pressures exist within Myers industry. Consumer spending is down and offshore internet retailers are offering cheaper prices due to the strong Australian dollar and absence of GST (Brooks 2010). This poses further challenges to Myer to adjust components of its IT infrastructure quickly to generate database driven marketing programs or improve its operating efficiencies (Myer 2010). If cloud computing platforms are considered as future components of Myers infrastructure, then appropriate use guidelines and practices will be needed. Service level agreements (SLAs) for example would commit cloud computing vendors to minimum levels of performance and reliability for Myers systems (Hinchcliffe 2009). The challenge of management and governance: The management and governance of Myers IT infrastructure is significant, considering its strategic role, further evidenced by the commitment of $500 million to its IT program since 2006 (Myer 2010). Aspects to be considered include the location of IT control (centralized or decentralized model), the allocation of IT costs to functional groups or stores, the strategies and policies for using IT and measuring effective return on IT investments (Laudon Laudon 2010). The challenge of investing in IT infrastructure prudently: Considering the significance of IT infrastructure for Myer as it seeks its business goals, this is a crucial challenge. Whether Myer should rent or buy its infrastructure components will be further investigated in section 4 of this report. (Laudon Laudon 2010) PART 3: CLOUD COMPUTING ITS BUSINESS BENEFITS COSTS(986 words) 3.1)An overview of Cloud Computing: Zhang et al. (2010) note cloud computing is not a new idea. While many definitions abound, from an organizations perspective, ‘Cloud computing is an architecture in which companies consume technology resources as an internet service rather than as an owned system (Brandel 2009, p. 1). Most people have already experienced cloud computing through the use of Hotmail, Gmail or Facebook (Wyld 2009). Recent improvements in internet bandwidth, virtualization of servers and storage, open source software, adoption of Web 2.0 standards, has pushed cloud computing strongly into the business sphere (Kennedy 2011). Mell and Grance (2011) claim that cloud computing consists of five crucial characteristics, three service models (software, platform and infrastructure as services) and four deployment models (private, community, public and hybrid clouds) which are outlined in Tables 3.1 and 3.2. Potentially cloud computing can deliver to a business most of its IT needs (from computing power to collaboration tools to software) as an on demand service, wherever and whenever required. As long as an internet connection exists, computing becomes location and device independent (Agger 2009). TABLE3.1 The crucial characteristics, and service models of cloud computing. (Adapted from: Mell Grance 2011, pp. 2-3; Department of Finance Deregulation 2011, pp. 12-3) TABLE3.2 The deployment models of cloud computing. (Adapted from: Mell Grance 2011, pp. 2-3; Department of Finance Deregulation 2011, pp. 12-3) 3.2) Current trends in Cloud Computing: Present studies suggest, ‘†¦the number of organizations using cloud computing to rise to 43% within four years as they continue to cut their costs (Cross 2011 p. 1). In addition to greater cloud computing use in general, there are several trends within cloud computing concerning areas such as; User type deployment models- ONeill (2011), notes small to medium enterprises using cloud computing are typically accessing public clouds for cost savings compared with private clouds. Alternatively larger enterprises use private clouds (third party or onsite) for greater control. Governments (federal level) are trialing SaaS and Ouellette (2011) believes state and local governments will soon follow. Purposes for using cloud services- Its principal use remains as a testing/developing environment and/or as a platform for less critical services and applications (Knorr Gruman 2010). Synder (in The Australian 2010) believes moving core applications to the cloud is still to come. ITs changing role- Hakala (2009) believes the need for IT workers performing maintenance tasks will contract as cloud computing is embraced and employees can ‘self serve directly from the cloud. Innovation- Cloud computing will continue to be a conduit for business innovation due to its low costs and rapid scalability of IT resources (Kennedy 2011; Information Age 2011) Pricing- Cloud computing pricing (especially commodity) continues to become cheaper and simpler for users. Thibodeau (2009) suggests models utilizing a set number of hours for a range of cloud services. SLAs improved security- Improving cloud computing reliability via strong service level agreements (SLAs) continues (Hinchcliffe 2009). Colley (2011) Violino (2010) expect most businesses will demand independent certification of cloud providers reliability in next few years. Cloud providers are targeting improved security to allay user concerns. Working groups such as the Cloud Security Alliance are focusing on this issue (Thibodeau 2009). Violino (2010) noted a need for better access control and identity management within and across clouds. Improved performance and service- The performance of cloud services rises, as more managed service providers enter the market (Ouellette 2011) and performance monitoring standardises (Thibodeau 2009). Typically IT staff connect cloud services individually, though cloud aggregators and integrators are emerging to smooth this barrier (Knorr Gruman 2010). 3.3) The business benefits of Cloud Computing: Cloud computing offers many benefits to business. Leighton (2009 p. 5) asserts, cloud computing will ‘transform the way IT is consumed and managed, promising improved cost efficiencies, accelerated innovation, faster time-to-market, and the ability to scale applications on demand. Sagari (c. 2010) notes the level of benefits cloud computing brings to an organization will vary dependant on the types of services utilized, the business processes evident and the degree of integration achieved. Major business benefits can include; Reduced costs (set up ongoing) * Increased flexibility response times Scalability increased efficiencies * Increased business focus. Increased innovation * Improved mobility Armbrust et al (2010) maintains, one of the most impressive benefits of cloud computing is scalability (elasticity of resources). The business pays for its hardware needs (servers, storage) on demand with the cloud providing great elasticity. Business needs can be scaled up or down as required, saving time, money and improving revenue in peak periods (Zhang et al. 2006; Waxer n.d.). Additional business benefits offered by cloud computing include; Smoothed cash flow * Increased strategic role for IT Reduced business risk * Improved sustainability. Greater computation power * Improved business continuity These benefits are further expanded in Appendix 2 with business examples and their references. 3.4) Cloud computing solutions for Myer: Section 4 details specific cloud computing recommendations to be adopted by Myer. In contrast, Table 3.3, outlines cloud computing solutions best suited to Myer for the aspect identified in column one. The reasons for these choices are as follows; Servers for serving applications- Amazon EC2 has been the market leader in this area and for good reason (Huang 2010). It exceeds Microsoft Azures new offering and it has a superior range of operating systems to use (eg Linux, Myer using), compared with Googles App Engine (Amazon 2011). Servers for storage- Amazon S3 was preferred over Microsoft Azure and Nirvanix for the reasons noted in Table 3.3 eg a price leader, very easy to use and highly reliable, SLA exceeding 99.99% (Huang 2010). Client productivity software- Microsofts new Office 365 retains the known office layout of which Myer staff are familiar. Additionally it incorporates email, calendar collaboration tools. Superior in features to Google Docs or Zoho (McAllister 2010). Private cloud- If recommended to Myer, Amazons virtual private cloud is a good solution. It integrates easily with a firms existing IT infrastructure, including firewalls and security systems (Amazon 2011). Applications- As an application development platform, Force.com has been suggested for its long history of business application development. Furthermore, to use this environment, subscription to Salesforce.com CRM applications are required, which may be beneficial to Myer (Force.com c.2011). TABLE 3.3Most suitable cloud computing solutions for Myer. (Adapted from: Amazon 2011;Force.com c. 2011; Microsoft 2011) 3.5) Costs of cloud computing to Myer: Typically the IT industry uses ‘Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to determine the total cost of a technology implementation (Laudon Laudon 2010). Table 3.4 provides an estimate of the costs to Myer in implementing the cloud computing solutions listed in Table 3.3. As can be seen, support, maintenance, space and energy costs pass to the cloud provider and hardware and software acquisition costs are essentially avoided. Some training costs of the IT staff involved in implementing and/or the staff using the cloud services would be incurred (Aggarwal McCabe 2009). A small amount of ongoing support to Office 365 users may also be required. Integration issues and costs are not expected, as the servers and software to be sourced via the cloud will not be critical systems. Additional infrastructure costs (eg bandwidth) resulting from cloud computings greater internet reliance, may occur. Downtime estimates from providers SLAs are less than typical IT departments of large companies ie 44hrs/yr (Mann 2010). Moving data into and out of Amazon S3 storage, will incur costs (Amazon 2011). Finally, Aggarwal and McCabe (2009), reported TCO savings of some 50% over four years, for medium sized businesses implementing CRM software from the cloud, compared with on-premise deployment. TABLE 3.4 Total cost of ownership (TCO) for Myers cloud computing solutions. (Adapted from: Laudon Laudon 2010, p. 224; Amazon 2011; Microsoft 2011; Force.com c.2011 ) PART 4: RECOMMENDATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING ADOPTION/ ADAPTION(785 words) 4.1) Competitive forces model for IT infrastructure Investment: Specific recommendations for the adoption of a cloud computing strategy by Myer will soon be made. These recommendations will be based on the preceding analysis and also take into account the ‘competitive forces model for IT infrastructure as described in Laudon and Laudon (2010 pp. 222-3). Table 4.1 summarises the main points of this model as it relates to Myer. TABLE 4.1: Competitive forces model for IT infrastructure investment of Myer Model components Outcome 1) Market demand for Myers services (eg customer, supplier enterprise): Myers point of sale (POS) system supply chain improvements are based on extensive research of their services. These systems improved efficiency speed, and are satisfying customers, suppliers staff (Tindal 2010) Information asymmetry especially with sales staff is affecting performance.

Revenue-Recognition Problems in the Communications Equipment Industry Essay

1) In late 2000, Lucent announced that revenues would be adjusted downwards by $679m as a result of revenue recognition problems. Yet the firm’s market capitalization plummeted by $24.7bn. Why do you think the market reacted so negatively to Lucent’s announcements of the problems? The large drop in market capitalization is probably due to several factors. Historically, Lucent had successfully met analysts’ projections for 15 consecutive quarters before announcing, in January 2000, a major shortfall in profits relative to previous expectations. In June, the quarterly balance sheet reported an operating loss of $301m (for the first time since 1998) while warning of weaker profits in Q4. In addition, the revenue recognition issues announced by the new CEO appointed in October were surely perceived as an indication that Lucent’s management was managing revenues and therefore a possible cause of a future fall in revenues. This led investors to modify their earnings expectations in light of the revenue-recognition problems faced by the firm. Since a company’s share price reflects forecasts of future cash flows, and Lucent’s Q3 and Q4 revenues were substantially written-down, investors would rationally expect future earnings to be affected as well. In an efficient market environment, the $24.7bn in lost market capitalization would equal the discounted value of these expected cash flows. However, it is also likely that the repeated missed expectations caused an overreaction by investors, as the company was forced to revise its revenues downward two times over the span of two quarters. This probably raised fears in the market of more widespread problems with the firm’s accounting practices. It should also be kept in mind that the Internet bubble had just burst and a technology related company announcing an operating loss and lower revenues could easily cause a panic selloff among investors, as typically happens when a speculative bubble bursts. 2) What are the specific revenue recognition problems faced by Lucent? On December 22, 2000, Lucent announced a $679m downward adjustment in revenues  of their fourth-quarter financial statement from September 2000. There were four different reasons for the adjustment. First of all, Lucent stated $125m of recorded sales that did not meet the company’s revenuerecognition rules. These revenues were included in the financial statement due to â€Å"misleading documentation and incomplete communications between a sales team and the financial organization†. Additionally, Lucent sold $452m worth of equipment to system integrators and distributors and recorded them as revenues. In fact, the products were not passed on to the customers, because of their weakened financial condition, and Lucent had already verbally agreed to take back the equipment. Therefore, the sales could not be accounted as revenues. Thirdly, sales teams had verbally offered credits to customers worth $74m and booked them as revenue in order to boost the fourth-quarter numbers. As the credits were meant for use at a later date without an actual sale of equipment taking place, these could not be accounted as revenues in the fourth-quarter. Finally, sold equipment worth $28m had not been completely shipped, leaving the service incomplete. Since this violated the first revenue recognition criteria â€Å"The firm has performed all the services or conveyed the asset to the buyer†, recognition of these revenues is not in line with regulation. 3) What financial statement adjustments will Lucent have to make to correct the revenue recognition problems announced in late 2000? In our treatment of the accounting figures we found it necessary to make assumptions relating to tax rates and COGS, as the information is not given directly. In deciding which tax rate to use for the adjustments we have two obvious alternatives; either assume a corporate tax rate of 35%, or calculate the average tax rate based on the presented financial statement. However, due to certain revenues and expenses being non-taxable we have opted to discard the average tax rate as a suitable estimate, and assumed a corporate tax rate of 35%. In relation to the Cost of Goods Sold, Lucent faces the problem that some of  their goods are tangible (communications equipment) while some are intangible (software licenses, services etc.). We are aware of the fact that Lucent’s intangible assets are subject to different costs as its tangible assets, and therefore have to be restated differently. However, we do not know the costs of neither intangible nor tangible assets due to a lack of information and thus assume a representative cost mix that is proportional to total revenues. Hence, we use the average COGS (69% of revenues in Q4, 2000) when we calculate the restatements. In the balance sheet, we treat the physical goods as â€Å"inventory†, and intangible goods as â€Å"other current assets†. When readjusting the income statement and balance sheets we need to reduce the revenues by a total of $679mn, with a corresponding reduction in accounts receivable. The cost of goods sold is reduced by $470mn, as per our assumption above relating to the average cost of goods sold. On the balance sheet this is reflected in the increase of inventories for tangible sales, and other current assets for intangible sales. This leads to a reduction of pretax income of $209mn, and subsequently a reduction in income taxes of $73mn. In the balance sheet this is represented by a reduction in the deferred tax liability (current liabilities in Lucent’s balance sheet), and finally a reduction in stockholders retained equity by $136mn. 4) How would you judge whether a firm is likely to face revenue recognition problems? Revenue-recognition problems in Lucent’s case emerge from mismanagement of the financial statements by all parties involved in compiling them. For instance, the initial $125 million adjustment was due to miscommunication between the sales team and the financial organization. The lack of a proper internal reporting organization or of efficient external auditors therefore is a sign of increased risk of revenue misrepresentation. It is also important to mention that the events described in the case occurred before the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted. This means that, at the time, financial statements did not require a seal of approval from top management in order to be published. The fact that these reports were approved and published suggests awareness and involvement of the board of administrators in the revenue-recognition problems. Making CEOs accountable  for the financial statements was an important step toward prevention of unwanted accounting practices. From a broader perspective, companies are constantly subject to the need of reaching – and beating – the market’s profitability expectations. Missing these targets may result in a steep share price fall, especially considering the â€Å"herd mentality† that is prevalent during market bubbles. Investors will typically overreact at the first sign of negative news from a company, triggering sharp sell offs in stock, as was the case with Lucent, during the height of the dotcom bubble. Further revenue misrepresentation drivers we can deduce from Lucent’s case are: firstly, firms providing financing solutions to customers may fall into the temptation of using these tools in order to boost their quarterly revenues by granting credits to clients. In fact, computing Lucent’s Account Receivables / Turnover ratio, it is observable that average collection days increase substantially from 1998 (85 days) to 2000 (119 days). This means that Lucent was selling products extending financing rather than collecting cash. Secondly, when companies rely on a distribution network rather than on direct sale it is easier for them to engineer revenue-boosting activities (e.g. provide distributors with more than what can be sold and take back the equipment later on). Thirdly, relying on big clients accounting for a large percentage of revenues increases may enhance corporate relationships, thus facilitating non-transparent verbal agreements or offbalance-sheet operations (e.g. financing, discounts). In addition, any changes in accounting practices and assumptions accounted for in the income statement should be investigated closer as a possible case of accounting fraud, as in the case of Lucent. In the 1st quarter of fiscal 1999 $1.3bn is booked as a â€Å"cumulative effect of accounting change†. This is enough to say that a revenue recognition problem exists, but certainly warrants further investigation. Finally, incentives of a more general nature to accounting malpractice include regular evaluation of company credit quality by rating agencies, and distorted compensation incentives for management. The former occur at regular intervals, providing incentives for management to â€Å"polish† a firm’s balance sheet prior to evaluations by the agencies, while the latter usually  involves stock options. Since employees are only allowed to sell their options at certain dates, they have an incentive to push the company’s share price up through accounting manipulation, prior to executing their options. 5) Assess whether any of Lucent’s competitors are likely to face revenue recognition problems in the coming quarters. Cisco Systems’ multichannel approach to sales and marketing includes a direct sales force to distributors, value-added resellers and system integrators. This could allow them to boost their revenues by selling excessive amounts to distributors close to the end of a quarter and taking the equipment back afterwards. On the other hand, Cisco does not rely on a single client, but has a diversified client base. In addition, the financing that Cisco provides is clearly reported on the balance sheet as noncurrent long-term lease receivables, which clearly differs to Lucent’s approach concerning verbal agreements about credits to clients. Unlike Cisco, Juniper Networks mainly relies on one large customer, WorldCom, who generated 18% of their revenues in 2000. Thus, they were highly dependent on that client and had most likely build up a close relationship with them, both concerning equipment sales and credit granting. This increases the risk of false revenue recognition due to either channel stuffing or the sale of equipment (meant to be taken back if not sold) close to the end of the quarter. Nortel is mainly a service provider, in fact 82% of its revenues are made up by services. This could be a red flag for revenue-recognition issues as services may have no clear delivery date and thus allow revenue management. In addition, Nortel granted credit to its customers of $5.6bn, of which only $1.5bn had been used. This could mean that Nortel is trying to attract customers by aggressively offering financing. On the other hand, Nortel does not depend on any single client. We did not find any significant pattern in insiders’ dispositions of their stock options to indicate fraudulent activity, neither for Lucent or any of their competitors. We also closely examined the two key ratios â€Å"Account Receivables Turnover† and â€Å"Cash Flow Return† for Lucent and its competitors (Juniper Networks has been excluded due to data absence). As can be seen in  the following graph all cash flow returns recently started to decline, which could raise concerns with regards to their revenue recognition policy. In Cisco’s and Nortel’s case one can see that this change is due to a parallel decline in cash flow from operations as well as an increase in sales. However, this movement by itself is not a red flag and could be due to other factors, which calls for a more detailed investigation. We can see that the suspicious decrease in cash flow return is mainly due to a substantial increase in sales and can also be seen in a substantial increase in accounts receivables. Hence, we looked at â€Å"accounts receivable turnover† or more precisely â€Å"days sales outstanding† and found that the average level over the course of the previous three years stays approximately the same while showing a negative trend for Cisco and even constantly decreased slightly for Nortel. This is a very good sign and means that these two still manage to collect their receivables in a timely manner although sales increase rapidly. Cash Flow Returns should therefore stabilize again in the ne ar future. Lucent’s Account receivables turnover on the other hand, as already elaborated in the previous question, steeply increases. This may indicate Lucent was selling products by extending financing to customers rather than collecting cash since we cannot apply the same argumentation as for Cisco and Nortel in Lucent’s case.

Schizophrenia - Causes and Symptoms - 828 Words

Schizophrenia – Causes and Symptoms Schizophrenia, from a Greek origin meaning, â€Å"splitting of the mind,† is a chronic psychiatric disorder that makes it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is deceptive. This illness alters a person’s ability to think or act, identify reality, portray emotions, and relate to others. Attitudes and behaviors that coincide with this infirmity are contradictory, and the persons who obtain this sickness must learn to live with the conflicting lifestyle. Schizophrenia is a severe illness that possesses numerous theories of causation and eccentric symptoms. Although there are countless theories for the causes of schizophrenia, the ultimate answer is still a mystery. One common theory is that each symptom stems from the incapability to differentiate between reality and an internal thought process. Such incapability may be caused by autoimmunity to specific proteins on brain cells or unlike brain chemicals that have attained early medical trials (Wilson n.pag.). In Kate Kelland’s article, Study Links Schizophrenia Symptoms To Faulty â€Å"Switch† In Brain, she writes, â€Å"In a study published in the journal Neuron (sic), researches found the severity of symptoms such as hearing voices and delusions was due to a disconnection between two key regions of the brain – the insula and the lateral frontal cortex† (n.pag.). While anatomy and physiology of the brain play an important role in the causes of schizophrenia, many environmental factorsShow MoreRelatedSymptoms, Causes, And Treatments Of Schizophrenia1702 Words   |  7 PagesSymptoms, Causes, and Treatments of Schizophrenia Cassidy Echalico Florida State College at Jacksonville Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a stigmatized disease that labels victims as crazy. 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Schizophrenia is a group of severe disorders involving major disturbances in perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior. People with schizophrenia are able to control the disorder with medications and therapy and can even lead normal lives. Schizophrenia is not something everyone understandsRead MoreWhat is Schizophrenia?985 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is the worst of all mental health disorders because it is many severe disorders all put into one such as mood disorders and psychological disorders. It is a mental health disorder that affects a persons’ reality. When the word Schizophrenia is broken into two, schizo means â€Å"Split† and phrenia means â€Å"mind† (DeWall Myers, 2014, p.562). According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), about 1% of Americans have schizophrenia. Schizophrenia has many different components such

The Great Deal Of Poetry - 1790 Words

There is much image hunting and one often doubts if anything really meaningful is being done. But there are a number of good poets also, like Dom Moraes, Nissim Ezekiel, P. Lal, Kamala Das, A.K. Ramanujan and others. Have done, and are doing commendable work. Giving an estimate of contemporary Indo-Anglian Poetry Amalendu Bose writes. As a historical phenomenon, it is interesting that since 1947 a great deal of poetry has been written by Indians in English; that in both quality and quantity, this poetry compares very well with the English poetry that Indians wrote from the days of Derozio and Kashi prasad Ghosh till 1947; that in both quality and quantity, this poetry perhaps compares well also with the poetry of quite a few of the current Indian languages. And this poetry of quite a few of the current Indian languages and that this poetry is the expression of certain attitudes and values believed in by certain sections of today’s Indian society, urban and metropolitan, middle class, familiar with the Euro-American world, either by direct personal experience or in a derivative manner that claims the validity of direct experience. This poetry, in respect of its purposive of direction as much as of its balance sheet of achievement, deserves the attention of the serious student of Indian poetry. Today the Indian novelists writing in English are large in number. Besides Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao and R.K. Narayan, the three foremost Indian writers of fiction inShow MoreRelatedA Comparative Analysis of Harlem Renaissance Poetry Essay596 Words   |  3 Pages (A Comparative Analysis of Harlem Renaissance Poetry) The great philosopher Plato once orated: â€Å"Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back. 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